ReviewChemistryOpen2026
Horse Hoof Trimmings as an Untapped Resource for Sustainable Keratin Utilization.
Review in ChemistryOpen, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Keratin, a structural protein with outstanding mechanical and biochemical properties, is abundant in animal-derived wastes such as feathers, wool, and hooves. However, these keratin-rich materials are still largely incinerated or landfilled, leading to environmental burdens and resource loss. This review introduces horse hoof trimmings as an unexploited, renewable, and cruelty-free keratin source generated through routine equine care. Unlike slaughter-derived materials, hoof trimmings provide a traceable and high-quality biopolymer feedstock with the potential for sustainable valorization. We summarize current knowledge on their chemical composition, structure, and physicochemical properties, highlighting correlations with nutrition, environment, and management practices. Furthermore, we critically assess green extraction methods and upcycling strategies for keratin recovery, identifying challenges and opportunities for scaling toward industrial applications. By focusing on this overlooked waste stream, this review aims to stimulate innovation in sustainable materials chemistry, biopolymer engineering, and circular resource management, advancing the principles of green and circular chemistry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.