ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel-mediated EVs therapy alleviates diabetic erectile dysfunction by targeting the miR-203a-3p/TMEM33 Axis.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a common complication among male patients with diabetes. Therapies primarily based on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) often yield suboptimal results. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy; however, their clinical translation is hindered by rapid in vivo clearance and limited inherent bioactivity. Therefore, we developed an innovative combined therapeutic approach. First, we fabricated an injectable, thermosensitive hydrogel (ECMTA-Hydrogel) by combining a decellularized porcine corpus cavernosum extracellular matrix (ECM) with tannic acid, which exhibits excellent biocompatibility and rapid gelation at body temperature (37 °C), enabling prolonged local retention of EVs within the corpus cavernosum. Second, we pretreated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with pioglitazone to generate engineered EVs (PGZ-EVs) with enhanced bioactivity. Experiments confirmed that the ECMTA-Hydrogel facilitates sustained release of PGZ-EVs, extending their duration of action. In a DMED rat model, the combined ECMTA-PGZ-EVs therapy demonstrated superior efficacy, markedly improving erectile function and effectively reversing pathological phenotypic switching and apoptosis in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs). Mechanistically, we identified that miR-203a-3p, highly enriched in PGZ-EVs, directly targets and suppresses the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein TMEM33, thereby mitigating diabetes-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). This pathway represents the key mechanism underlying the cytoprotective effects of PGZ-EVs. In summary, this study not only establishes an efficient natural matrix hydrogel-based delivery system but also augments the therapeutic potential of EVs via engineered modification. Furthermore, we elucidate a novel mechanism involving the miR-203a-3p/TMEM33/ERS axis, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of DMED.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.