ArticleClinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2026
Sex-based physiological responses to a 750-m swim at critical velocity estimated by the three-parameter model.
Article in Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCritical Velocity (CV) is widely used to assess aerobic performance in endurance sports. Studies have compared protocols for CV determination in elite athletes. However, knowledge on the influence of the assessment protocol on CV and sex-based differences on metabolic responses at critical swimming velocity is limited.
objectiveThis study aims to compare different protocols for determining CV in swimming among male and female triathletes and to compare sex-based differences in the metabolic and perceived exertion responses after swimming 750 m at CV estimated by the three-parameter model.
methodsHighly trained amateur triathletes (12 men, 35.7 ± 11.0 years; 10 women, 38.1 ± 6.0 years) performed maximal swimming tests (50, 100, 200, and 400 m) to estimate Critical Velocity (CV). Each completed a 750 m swim at the CV determined by the three-parameter protocol (100-200-400 m), with monitoring of metabolic responses (lactate level and heart rate) and pain, dyspnea, and subjective perceived exertion.
resultsThe four-distance protocol yielded the highest CV in both sexes, whereas the protocol based on 92% of the 400 m time produced the lowest values (p < 0.001). After the 750 m swim, men showed higher ratings of perceived exertion (p = 0.005), pain (p < 0.001), dyspnea (p < 0.001), and blood lactate concentration (p < 0.001) than women.
conclusionThe protocol used to determine CV significantly influences estimated values. Importantly, all findings related to physiological and perceptual responses during the 750 m swim are specific to the CV determined by the three-parameter protocol and should not be generalized to other CV determination methods. Under this protocol, CV may be associated with an exercise intensity approaching the severe domain; however, this interpretation should be made with caution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.