ArticleCell biochemistry and biophysics2026
Synergistic Amelioration of Imidacloprid-Induced fertility impairment by Vitex agnus-castus and Nigella sativa in Female Rats: Mechanistic Evidence of Hormonal and Reproductive Restoration.
Article in Cell biochemistry and biophysics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid pesticide, has been associated with endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity. Natural phytotherapeutics with hormone-modulating and antioxidant properties may offer protective benefits against such chemically induced reproductive dysfunction.
objectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic potential of Vitex agnus-castus and Nigella sativa, administered individually and in combination, in mitigating imidacloprid-induced fertility impairment in female Wistar rats.
methodsFemale Wistar rats were exposed to imidacloprid (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 28 days to induce reproductive toxicity. Following exposure, animals received treatment with Vitex agnus-castus extract (250 mg/kg), Nigella sativa extract (150 mg/kg), their combination or clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg/day for 9 days) as a reference drug. Reproductive hormone levels (LH, FSH and estrogen), fertility outcomes (litter size) and histopathological changes in ovarian and uterine tissues were assessed.
resultsImidacloprid exposure significantly decreased serum LH, FSH, estrogen levels and litter size (p < 0.05), confirming reproductive dysfunction. Treatment with both plant extracts improved hormonal profiles and fertility parameters. The combined therapy demonstrated the most pronounced recovery, producing effects comparable to clomiphene citrate. Histological examination revealed restoration of normal ovarian follicular development and uterine architecture in treated groups.
conclusionVitex agnus-castus and Nigella sativa, particularly in combination, effectively ameliorated imidacloprid-induced endocrine and reproductive disturbances, suggesting their potential as complementary therapeutic agents against pesticide-related fertility impairment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41989529What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.