Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41991797›Full record

ReviewActa neuropathologica2026

Consensus statement on microglial and macrophage functions in gliomas.

Yuqi Zheng, Islam Alzoubi, Manuel B Graeber, Atul Anand, Lara Barazzuol, Mario Dorostkar, Karl Frontzek, Anna Golebiewska, Costas G Hadjipanayis, Tibor Hortobagyi and 27 more

Abstract readConsensus StatementReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Acta neuropathologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. CD163 Dominance Within Macrophages/Microglia Reflects a Favorable Prognosis in Patients With Glioblastoma.Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors.

Yuqi ZhengKen Parker Brain Tumour Research Laboratories, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
Islam AlzoubiSchool of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia.
Manuel B GraeberUniversity of Sydney Association of Professors, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. manuel.graeber@professoriate.org.
Atul AnandDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-7474-5433
Lara BarazzuolDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Mario DorostkarInstitut für Klinische Pathologie und Molekularpathologie der Region NÖ-Mitte (Universitätsklinikum St. Pölten), Dunant-Platz 1, 3100, St. Pölten, Austria.
Karl FrontzekQueen Square Brain Bank, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3GB, UK.
Anna GolebiewskaNORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, 1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.ORCID 0000-0002-4160-2521
Costas G HadjipanayisUPMC Brain Tumor Program, Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), AANS/CNS Joint Section on Tumors, Rolling Meadows, USA.
Tibor HortobagyiInstitute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Azzam IsmailHistopathology Department, L5 Bexley Wing, SJUH, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
Gerard H JansenGeneral Neuropathology, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Consultancy and Neuropathology, Division of Diagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Building Rm 123, The Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
Bozena KaminskaLaboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
Daniel KirschenbaumInstitute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Yoshihiro KomoharaDepartment of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Bjarne Winther KristensenDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-6352-0826
Kevin S LeeDepartment of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, and Center for Brain, Immunology, and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Emilie Le RhunDepartment of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9408-3278
Q Richard LuDepartment of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Brain Tumor Program EHCB, Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
Kaspar MatiasekSection of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, 80539, Munich, Germany.
Christian MawrinInstitut für Neuropathologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
Alessandro MichelucciNeuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, 1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.ORCID 0000-0003-1230-061X
Nicola MontemurroUnit of Neurosurgery, Pisana University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
Marc-André MouthonStabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations UMRE008, Université Paris Cité Université Paris Saclay, U1274, INSERM LRP/SDRR/iRCM/JACOB/DRF, CEA18, route du Panorama, BP n°6, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
Quan LiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China.
Regina ReimannInstitute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Roman SankowskiInstitute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9215-8021
Alejandro Schcolnik-CabreraDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7734-3253
Michael SchulzInstitute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6731-9188
Christian M SchürchDepartment of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1792-1768
Marius SchwabenlandInstitute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Aurélie TchoghandjianAix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
Indrė Valiulytė-SimaitėLaboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, Eiveniu str. 4, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Mariano S ViapianoDepartment of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8756-388X
Tobias WeissDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
Michael WellerDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1748-174X
Max WintermarkDepartment of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This international consensus statement synthesizes key findings on the complex roles of microglia and macrophages (tumor-associated microglia/macrophages or TAMs) in glioma progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent advances have highlighted the cellular, spatial, and temporal heterogeneity of TAMs, their functional plasticity, and the intricate interactions between TAMs, glioma stem cells, and the neuronal microenvironment, challenging the M1/M2 classification paradigm for TAMs in gliomas and other misconceptions. The statement emphasizes that glioma cells manipulate TAMs to suppress anti-tumor functions, while microglia-mediated modulation of neuron-glioma cell interactions promotes tumor progression. Furthermore, glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) reprogram microglia to support tumor progression, offering novel therapeutic targets. To advance research and develop more effective treatments, the statement advocates for precision therapies targeting specific TAM subsets or functions, the use of bioengineered EVs as a therapeutic approach, and a shift away from simplistic terminology like "M1/M2" and "neuroinflammation". Ultimately, this new understanding can support innovative strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment, turning immunosuppression into immunostimulation and improving outcomes for patients with glioblastoma and other types of gliomas.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGliomaMacrophagesMicrogliaAnimalsHumansTumor MicroenvironmentGliomaImmunotherapyMacrophagesMicrogliaNeurooncology

Identifiers

PMID41991797
PMCPMC13086905

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.