Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41991969›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Longitudinal stability of cognitive impairments in post-COVID-19 syndrome assessed with the tablet-based Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus.

Valeska Kozik, Philipp A Reuken, Katzer Katrin, Zoe Stallmach, Isabelle Utech, Nele Demeyere, Matthias Schwab, Andreas Stallmach, Kathrin Finke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Valeska KozikDepartment of Neurology, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany. valeska.kozik@med.uni-jena.de.
Philipp A ReukenDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
Katzer KatrinDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
Zoe StallmachDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
Isabelle UtechDepartment of Neurology, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
Nele DemeyereNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Matthias SchwabDepartment of Neurology, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
Andreas StallmachDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
Kathrin FinkeDepartment of Neurology, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In a previous cross-sectional study using the tablet-based Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus (OCS-Plus), deficits in delayed memory, attention, and executive functioning were identified in working-age patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) following infection in 2020 or early 2021. Initial assessment occurred approximately five months after infection. To examine short-term longitudinal trajectories, patients were reassessed several months later. Eighty-one patients with PCS (mean age 46.6 years, 64% female) completed OCS-Plus assessments at baseline and after a median follow-up of 4.4 months. Cognitive change was analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and equivalence testing (± 1 SD of reference scores) to assess clinical relevance. Associations between cognitive change and changes in depression and fatigue were examined using bootstrap-corrected multiple regression. No significant change in cognitive performance was observed between baseline and follow-up across any cognitive domain (all p > 0.3). Equivalence testing indicated that observed differences fell within predefined bounds of clinical insignificance (all p < 0.01). Changes in depressive symptoms and fatigue were not associated with changes in cognitive performance. Across the observed follow-up period, domain-level cognitive performance remained stable, with no evidence of short-term spontaneous improvement. These findings suggest short-term longitudinal stability of cognitive impairments in PCS within the limits of screening-based assessment and the follow-up interval studied, supporting the value of continued cognitive monitoring in affected individuals.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionCOVID-19AdultComputers, HandheldCross-Sectional StudiesFatigueFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2Cognitive DysfunctionDigital HealthLongitudinal StudiesNeuropsychological AssessmentPost-COVID-19 Syndrome

Identifiers

PMID41991969
PMCPMC13087045

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.