Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41992199›Full record

SynthesisBMC health services research2026

Obstetric Violence, Nurses' and midwives' perspectives and experiences: a meta-synthesis study.

Hongxu Zhu, Fangjing Luo, Lisha Gu, Yue Zhu, Yanjun Dong, Chenyao Li, Jian Xiong, Ping Luo

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hongxu ZhuClinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, China.
Fangjing LuoClinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, China.
Lisha GuClinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, China.
Yue ZhuDepartment of Nursing, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China.
Yanjun DongClinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, China.
Chenyao LiClinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, China.
Jian XiongClinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, China. 1013799335@qq.com.
Ping LuoClinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, China. 525256406@qq.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo synthesise qualitative studies on nurses’ and midwives’ perspectives and experiences of Obstetric Violence, exploring Obstetric Violence from a non-patient perspective.

designA qualitative meta-synthesis.

methodsA systematic search was undertaken across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL, to identify relevant studies published from database inception to April 1, 2025. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Relevant qualitative data were subsequently extracted, coded, and synthesised.

resultsThis meta-synthesis incorporated 13 qualitative studies conducted across 13 countries. In total, there were 440 participants in all studies. A total of 40 themes were identified and subsequently synthesised into 11 categories, which were further integrated into four major synthesised findings: (1) Who is the Perpetrator; (2) Obvious and Hidden Harm; (3) Another Victim; (4) The strategies to prevent OV.

conclusionThe causes of OV extend beyond the actions of individual providers or isolated organisational failings and should be considered within a broader, multidimensional framework. OV manifests in both direct and indirect forms, with the latter often being less visible yet equally harmful to women. These subtler manifestations warrant greater recognition and attention. Within this context, nurses and midwives may also experience OV as secondary victims, underscoring the need for targeted interventions, such interventions include individual-level strategies, such as yoga, massage, and mindfulness, as well as organizational-level interventions such as Balint groups, to address their psychological distress, moral concerns, and burnout. Moving forward, strategies to reduce OV should adopt a coordinated, top-down approach involving action at societal, organisational, and individual levels.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelMidwiferyNurse MidwivesNursesViolenceWorkplace ViolenceFemaleHumansPregnancyQualitative ResearchDisrespect and abuseMeta-SynthesisMidwifeNurseObstetric ViolenceQualitative Studies.

Identifiers

PMID41992199
PMCPMC13202845

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.