Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41992213›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2026

Genetic predisposition to high BMI, ultra-processed food consumptions in childhood, and adiposity in young adulthood: a 17-year prospective cohort study of 3061 individuals.

Ziyi Zhou, Qiaosen Chen, Zhi Li, Shi Zhang, Solange Parra-Soto, Anqi Wang, Mengxi Du, Xinwen Xu, Zhe Fang, Yujia Lu and 11 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Ziyi Zhou *School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Qiaosen Chen *School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Zhi Li *Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Shi ZhangDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Solange Parra-SotoDepartment of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, Chile.
Anqi WangDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Mengxi DuDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Xinwen XuDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, UK.
Zhe FangDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Yujia LuDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Yu Chen ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Rona J StrawbridgeSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Patrick IpDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Naveed SatterSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Nicholas J TimpsonMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Mingyang SongDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Carlos Celis-MoralesSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Marc J GunterNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
Jill P PellSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. jill.pell@glasgow.ac.uk.
Edward GiovannucciDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. egiovann@hsph.harvard.edu.
Frederick K HoSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. frederick.ho@glasgow.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObservational evidence suggests ultra-processed food (UPF) may contribute to obesity, but some people who consume a larger amount of UPF remain at normal weight. This study examined whether childhood UPF consumption was associated with obesity in early adulthood and whether the association was modified by genetic susceptibility to body mass index (BMI).

methodsThis prospective cohort study included data from 3061 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in England with follow-up from 7 to 24 years. UPF consumption was calculated from food diaries based on the NOVA classification. LDpred2 was used to construct a polygenic score (PGS) for body mass index (BMI). Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between UPF intake at 7 years and BMI at 24 years. The PGS-UPF interaction was examined to see whether genetic susceptibility modifies the association between childhood UPF consumption and early adulthood BMI.

resultsEach 10% increase in the proportion of total energy intake coming from UPF at 7 was associated with 0.21 (95% CI 0.05-0.37) kg/m

conclusionsUPF consumption in childhood is only associated with early adulthood obesity among children more genetically predisposed to higher BMI.

Indexed as

AdiposityBody Mass IndexFast FoodsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseObesityAdolescentChildEnergy IntakeEnglandFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleProspective StudiesYoung AdultadiposityBMIgenetic susceptibilityobesityultra-processed food

Identifiers

PMID41992213
PMCPMC13088704

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.