Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41992224›Full record

ArticleCell communication and signaling : CCS2026

Cholesteryl esters and high protein-to-lipid ratios distinguish non-vesicular extracellular particles from extracellular vesicles.

Sayam Ghosal, Rita Leporati, Árpád Varga, Petra Susanszki, Nóra Fekete, Tamás László, Tünde Bárkai, Fülöp Károly Grébecz, Delaram Khamari, Tárek Zoltán Magyar and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Sayam GhosalHCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-930X
Rita LeporatiDivision of Medical Oncology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, 41124, Italy.
Árpád VargaFirst Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
Petra SusanszkiFirst Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
Nóra FeketeInstitute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Tamás LászlóDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
Tünde BárkaiInstitute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Fülöp Károly GrébeczInstitute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Delaram KhamariInstitute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Tárek Zoltán MagyarInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Marcus HoeringInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.
Krisztina V VukmanInstitute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Bernadett R BodnárHCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Brachyahu M KestecherHCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Mohamed A FattahInstitute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Csaba BödörDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
József MaléthFirst Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
Gerhard LiebischInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.
Evelyn OrsóInstitute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Edit I BuzasHCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
Xabier OsteikoetxeaHCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, 1089, Hungary. xabier@semmelweis.hu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-0174

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMechanisms governing non-vesicular extracellular particle (NVEP) biogenesis and compositional diversity remain incompletely characterized.

methodThis study integrates multiparametric profiling to define NVEPs. NVEPs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized using complementary biochemical, lipidomic, and imaging approaches, including protein-to-lipid ratio analysis, lipid profiling, and advanced microscopy.

resultComprehensive characterization demonstrated that NVEPs exhibit significantly elevated protein-to-lipid ratios compared to extracellular vesicles (EVs) subtypes. Lipidomic profiling revealed pronounced enrichment in cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols, with distinct carbon chain length signatures differentiating NVEPs from small EVs. Super-resolution microscopy confirmed marker heterogeneity across populations, with NVEPs showing specific enrichment of Arf6 and CD63.

conclusionThese findings provide a robust compositional framework to distinguish non-vesicular extracellular particles from canonical EVs and underscore their emerging significance as mediators of intercellular communication and potential vehicles for targeted delivery.

Indexed as

Cholesterol EstersExtracellular VesiclesLipidsProteinsHumansCholesterol EstersLipidsProteinscholesteryl esterdSTORMexomereExtracellular vesiclenon-vesiclular extracellular particle

Identifiers

PMID41992224
PMCPMC13450444

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.