Evidence mapPaperPMID 41994081Full record

ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2026

Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to identify early biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality.

Maryam Heidarifard, Katherine Ember, Frédérick Dallaire, Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham, Yiheng Chen, Nassim Ksantini, Myriam Mahfoud, Guillaume Sheehy, Hugo Soudeyns, Philippe Jouvet and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Maryam HeidarifardCentre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7986-1477
Katherine EmberCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-3359
Frédérick DallaireCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-9014
Elsa Brunet-RatnasinghamCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Yiheng ChenMcGill University, Departments of Human Genetics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Nassim KsantiniCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Myriam MahfoudCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Guillaume SheehyCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-6066
Hugo SoudeynsCentre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-3176
Philippe JouvetCentre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Sze Man TseCentre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0295-0064
Caroline QuachCentre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-9475
Brent RichardsMcGill University, Departments of Human Genetics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Daniel E KaufmannCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Frédéric LeblondCHU Montreal, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8154-4952
Mathieu DehaesCentre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9852-6761

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Significance: Early prediction of COVID-19 severity and mortality is crucial for optimizing clinical care and patient outcomes, but remains challenging. Aim: We aim to develop a screening tool combining label-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning modeling to predict COVID-19 severity and mortality. Approach: Patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 ( Results: Raman peaks assigned to proteins, glucose, lactic acid, fatty acids, urea, and lipids were extracted by the models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged between 0.83 and 0.94, with sensitivities and specificities ranging between 80% and 83% and 75% and 92%, respectively. Accuracy for detecting mortality, invasive ventilation, and critical disease was 90%, 87%, and 78%. A complementary metabolomic analysis confirmed some molecular differences between groups. Conclusions: These results suggest the potential of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning modeling to stratify COVID-19 patients at admission, individualize care, and improve survival rates.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCOVID-19Machine LearningSpectrum Analysis, RamanAgedFemaleHumansMaleMetabolomicsMiddle AgedROC CurveSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexBiomarkersbiomarkersCOVID-19disease mortalitydisease severitymachine learning modelingplasmaRaman spectroscopy

Identifiers

PMID41994081
PMCPMC13082742

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.