Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41994102›Full record

ReviewToxicology reports2026

The Venom Revolution in Biomedicine: Unlocking Nature's Toxin Toolkit for Therapeutic Innovation.

Debalina Bose, Kishore Srinivasan, Sanskruti Shrenik Patil, Akshatha Ganesh Nayak, Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Toxicology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Debalina BoseAdvanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
Kishore SrinivasanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
Sanskruti Shrenik PatilDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
Akshatha Ganesh NayakDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
Raghu Chandrashekhar HariharapuraDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Once known only for its deadly effects, venom is now valued for its medicinal potential. The transformation of venomous substances into therapeutic agents, focusing on the synergy between natural toxins and drugs, is a recent topic of interest to the scientific community worldwide. Venom is a concoction of various biomolecules, including proteins, enzymes, peptides, protease inhibitors, and more. This review focuses on different categories of venomous species, their venom composition, the mechanism of venom deployment, and the pharmacokinetics. Besides this, it also focuses on the technological innovations while tracing venom's medical use from ancient practices to modern therapies. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and future directions, such as regulatory obstacles related to the approval processes for venom-derived drugs, illustrating the ongoing evolution from toxins to cure.

Indexed as

Mechanism of deploymentPharmacokineticsProtein-based toxinsVenomVenom-derived drugs

Identifiers

PMID41994102
PMCPMC13080577

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.