Evidence mapPaperPMID 41994346Full record

Trial reportOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Better Longitudinal Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Virally Suppressed People With HIV Is Associated With Reduced Occurrence of Serious Non-AIDS Events.

Roland van Rensburg, Mercy Rop, Daniel Mashishi, Innocent Maposa, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Kunling Wu, Jose R Castillo-Mancilla, Netanya S Utay, Kristine M Erlandson, Eric H Decloedt

Abstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Roland van RensburgDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6464-4257
Mercy RopDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Daniel MashishiDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-260X
Innocent MaposaDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-4096
Katherine TassiopoulosCenter for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-2535
Kunling WuCenter for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jose R Castillo-MancillaDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Netanya S UtayDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-8670
Kristine M ErlandsonDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-6729
Eric H DecloedtDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-5150

Funding

Statistical and Data Management Center (SDMC), AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG)UM1AI068634 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · 2021 to 2025
$81.6M
NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068634
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs), including cardiovascular disease and death, remain prevalent among people with HIV (PWH). Imperfect ART adherence despite viral suppression may contribute to this risk, underscoring the need to clarify the relationship between adherence, viral load dynamics, and SNAE development. Methods: We performed an analysis of deidentified data of participants in the prospective observational Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally for HIV/AIDS and Other Infections (ACTG) A5001 and A5322 studies. The baseline was defined as the time at the first viral suppression to <200 copies/mL after treatment initiation. Antiretroviral therapy adherence was assessed using the periodically administered ACTG self-report questionnaire and dichotomized as >90% versus ≤90% adherence. Data were primarily analyzed using inverse probability of censoring weights modeling. Results: Among 2940 participants followed for a median of 6.2 years, 237 SNAEs occurred, comprising 103 deaths and 134 cardiovascular events. Nearly all participants (95.9%) remained virally suppressed to <200 copies/mL over the full duration of follow-up. Adherence to ART >90% showed a protective effect on the development of all SNAEs: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.612 (95% confidence interval .390-.961). When only the development of the first SNAE was considered, the association remained substantially similar: aHR 0.641 (95% confidence interval .400-1.027). Conclusions: Adherence to ART >90% compared to ≤90% reduces SNAE risk even in virally suppressed PWH, underscoring the need for continued adherence support to improve long-term health outcomes for PWH.

Indexed as

adherenceantiretroviral therapycardiovasculardeathserious non-AIDS events

Identifiers

PMID41994346
PMCPMC13082379

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.