ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences2026
Precision Nursing Guided by IKAP Theory for Volume Management in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy of precision nursing based on the Information-Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (IKAP) theory in volume management of elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methodology: This single-center retrospective study included 115 elderly patients with CHF admitted between May 2022 and March 2025. Patients received either routine nursing (control group, n=56) or IKAP-guided precision nursing for volume management (study group, n=59). Key outcomes included self-care/volume-management ability, cardiac function, volume management related indicators, and complications. Results: After intervention, self-care/volume-management scores improved in both groups and were higher in the study group (all P<0.05). The study group showed better echocardiographic parameters (higher LVEF and lower LVEDD/LVESD) and more favorable volume-management-related indicators than the control group (all P<0.05), with fewer complications (3.38% vs 14.29%, P<0.05). Conclusion: IKAP-guided precision nursing may improve self-care for volume management and cardiac function and reduce complications in elderly patients with CHF, supporting a structured, theory-driven nursing approach in routine practice.
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