Evidence mapPaperPMID 41994908Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Effects of Premeal Versus Postmeal Metformin Administration on Postmeal Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, 8-Week Crossover Study.

Issaree Rattarasarn, Chatvara Areevut, Khaimook Prachakeserane, La-Or Chailurkit, Chutintorn Sriphrapradang, Chatchalit Rattarasarn

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Issaree RattarasarnDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chatvara AreevutDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Khaimook PrachakeseraneDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
La-Or ChailurkitDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chutintorn SriphrapradangDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chatchalit RattarasarnDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-977X

Funding

Endocrine Society of ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi hospital, Mahidol university
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo evaluate the effects of premeal versus postmeal metformin administration on postmeal glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving metformin monotherapy.

methodsAll participants were randomly assigned to receive immediate-release metformin either 30-60 min before or immediately after meal for 4 weeks, and crossed over to the alternate regimen for another 4 weeks. Standardized mixed-meal tests with glucose and insulin measurements were performed, and fructosamine was measured at baseline and at the end of each intervention. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was applied to all during the last week of each intervention. Data were expressed as mean ± SD or estimated mean [95% CI] and were analysed using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. The primary objective was to compare postmeal glucose responses to a standardized mixed-meal between groups. Secondary objectives were to assess CGM-derived postmeal glucose, fructosamine and insulin responses to a standardized mixed-meal.

resultsTwenty-two women (age 49.5

conclusionsPremeal immediate-release metformin reduces postmeal glycemic excursions more effectively than postmeal administration. This simple timing strategy may provide benefit for individuals who have predominant postmeal hyperglycemia.

trial registrationThai Clinical Trials Registry number: 20241127004.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminAdultBlood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringCross-Over StudiesFemaleFructosamineGlycated HemoglobinHumansInsulinMealsMiddle AgedPostprandial PeriodBlood GlucoseFructosamineGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMetformindrug administration scheduleglycemic controlhyperglycemiametforminpostprandial glucosetype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41994908
PMCPMC13243983

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.