Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41995436›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026

Longitudinal Tracking of Photoreceptor Integrity in Neovascular AMD: Early Restoration Predicts 24-Month Structural and Visual Outcomes.

Jiaxin Pu, Xuenan Zhuang, Xinlei Hao, Miaoling Li, Yongyue Su, Guiqin He, Yi He, Guanghan Zhang, Feng Wen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jiaxin PuState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xuenan ZhuangState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xinlei HaoState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Miaoling LiState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Yongyue SuState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Guiqin HeState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Yi HeState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Guanghan ZhangState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Feng WenState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to longitudinally characterize photoreceptor band changes over 24 months and determine whether early restoration predicts long-term outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: This prospective study enrolled treatment-naïve patients with nAMD receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy following 3 + pro re nata (PRN) regimen. Impaired areas of outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone (EZ), external limiting membrane (ELM), and interdigitation zone (IZ) were quantified at baseline, 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 12, and 24 months, and associations between early restoration and long-term structural and visual outcomes were assessed. Results: Eighty-two eyes from 82 patients (mean age = 65.15 ± 7.47 years) completed a 24-month follow-up. All bands showed significant changes over 2 years (P < 0.05 for all). Only EZ demonstrated significant early restoration at 1 week and 1 month (P = 0.041 and 0.004, respectively). Month 3 restoration of all bands predicted corresponding 1- and 2-year structural changes (Stdβ = 0.432-0.912, P < 0.05, except for 2-year ONL and IZ: P = 0.201 and 0.304, respectively). Moreover, month 2 ONL changes also independently predicted long-term ONL changes (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001 for 1 and 2 years, respectively). For visual outcomes, month 3 IZ restoration predicted 1-year BCVA improvement (Stdβ = -0.334, P = 0.032), whereas month 2 ONL restoration predicted 2-year BCVA improvement (Stdβ = -0.378, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Photoreceptor bands showed layer-specific restoration patterns, with EZ responding earliest. Early restoration at months 2 to 3 predicted long-term outcomes, with ONL and IZ as independent visual predictors.

Indexed as

Angiogenesis InhibitorsPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateVisual AcuityWet Macular DegenerationAgedFemaleFluorescein AngiographyFollow-Up StudiesHumansIntravitreal InjectionsMaleProspective StudiesRanibizumabTomography, Optical CoherenceVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAngiogenesis InhibitorsRanibizumabVascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Identifiers

PMID41995436
PMCPMC13101853

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.