ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026
Longitudinal Tracking of Photoreceptor Integrity in Neovascular AMD: Early Restoration Predicts 24-Month Structural and Visual Outcomes.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Correlation Between RPE Aperture and Photoreceptor Integrity in Non-Neovascular AMD: A Longitudinal Study Using OCT and 3D Morphological Analysis.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to longitudinally characterize photoreceptor band changes over 24 months and determine whether early restoration predicts long-term outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: This prospective study enrolled treatment-naïve patients with nAMD receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy following 3 + pro re nata (PRN) regimen. Impaired areas of outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone (EZ), external limiting membrane (ELM), and interdigitation zone (IZ) were quantified at baseline, 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 12, and 24 months, and associations between early restoration and long-term structural and visual outcomes were assessed. Results: Eighty-two eyes from 82 patients (mean age = 65.15 ± 7.47 years) completed a 24-month follow-up. All bands showed significant changes over 2 years (P < 0.05 for all). Only EZ demonstrated significant early restoration at 1 week and 1 month (P = 0.041 and 0.004, respectively). Month 3 restoration of all bands predicted corresponding 1- and 2-year structural changes (Stdβ = 0.432-0.912, P < 0.05, except for 2-year ONL and IZ: P = 0.201 and 0.304, respectively). Moreover, month 2 ONL changes also independently predicted long-term ONL changes (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001 for 1 and 2 years, respectively). For visual outcomes, month 3 IZ restoration predicted 1-year BCVA improvement (Stdβ = -0.334, P = 0.032), whereas month 2 ONL restoration predicted 2-year BCVA improvement (Stdβ = -0.378, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Photoreceptor bands showed layer-specific restoration patterns, with EZ responding earliest. Early restoration at months 2 to 3 predicted long-term outcomes, with ONL and IZ as independent visual predictors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.