ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
Genomic and phenotypic analysis of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii focusing on efflux pump activity and biofilm-associated genes.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAcinetobacter baumannii evolved as a critical pathogen of global concern due to its persistence and pathogenicity. To elucidate the underlying resistance mechanism, the role of efflux pumps and biofilm-associated genes was investigated. Furthermore, the genes that serve as potential targets or biomarkers were identified, offering valuable insights for the development of novel antimicrobial agents and optimization of antibiotic-based therapies. MATERIALS AND
methodsNineteen A. baumannii isolates were analysed for antibiotic resistance, efflux pump functionality, and biofilm formation. The ABS2 isolate underwent whole-genome sequencing (GenBank: JBJJNX000000000.1) to characterize resistance and virulence determinants, including the oxidative stress repair gene yajL, using the FunRich enrichment tool.
resultsAll isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, showing 100% resistance to ceftazidime and imipenem, with functional efflux pumps detected in every isolate using cartwheel method. Biofilm formation, assessed by the tissue culture plate method, was observed in 89% of isolates. PCR analysis revealed high prevalence of resistance genes bla OXA-51 (100%), Intl-1 (79%) and Intl-2 (15%). Efflux pump genes adeA (89%), adeB (100%), and adeC (63%) were present, while biofilm-associated genes cusE, ompA, pgaA, and abaI were also detected. Whole-genome and enrichment analyses of ABS2 revealed a diverse resistome and virulome contributing to oxidative stress resistance and immune evasion.
conclusionThe study highlights the high prevalence of biofilm formation and efflux pump-mediated resistance among A. baumannii isolates. Genomic insights into the ABS2 isolate emphasize its adaptability to hostile environments and potential to cause persistent infections, underscoring the global health threat posed by multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming A. baumannii.
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