Evidence mapPaperPMID 41997132Full record

ReviewCell2026

Hallmarks of liver cancer: Therapeutic implications.

Josep M Llovet, Roser Pinyol, Silvia Affo, Mark Yarchoan, Gregory J Gores, Robin Kate Kelley, Scott W Lowe, Daniela Sia, Augusto Villanueva

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Immunotherapy Rechallenge in HCC: A Second Chance for Response?Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Josep M LlovetMount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Divisions of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Liver Cancer Translational Research Group, Liver Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: josep.llovet@mountsinai.org.
Roser PinyolLiver Cancer Translational Research Group, Liver Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Silvia AffoTumor Microenvironment Plasticity and Heterogeneity Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Mark YarchoanDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Gregory J GoresDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Robin Kate KelleyHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Scott W LoweCancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Daniela SiaMount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Divisions of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Augusto VillanuevaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

The Patient-Reported Outcomes, Community-Engagement and Language (PRO-CEL) CoreP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · 1985 to 2025
$88.4M
The Role of KLF6 in Hepatic FibrosisR01DK056621 · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · 2000 to 2005
$1.8M
Dissecting a novel tumor-promoting axis in cholangiocarcinomaR01CA285580 · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · 2025 to 2025
$612k
Determinants of immunotherapy response in NASH-Hepatocellular carcinomaR01CA273932 · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · 2025 to 2025
$479k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA273932NCI NIH HHS R01 CA285580NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK056621NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK128289
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The hallmarks of cancer, first proposed in 2000, have since provided a unified framework for understanding the complexity of carcinogenesis. This conceptual model has profoundly influenced the treatment landscape of primary liver cancer, which includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, ∼85%) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA, 10%)-malignancies with high mortality. Key hallmarks exhibited by HCC include sustaining proliferative signaling, inducing or accessing vasculature, and avoiding immune detection. Over the past two decades, outcomes for patients with advanced HCC have significantly improved with immunotherapies. iCCA is characterized by hallmarks such as sustaining proliferative signaling, deregulating cellular metabolism, and avoiding immune detection. Unlike HCC, roughly 45% of iCCA harbor alterations amenable to precision oncology approaches, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations, ERBB2 alterations, and BRAF mutations. In this review, we explore how this framework has reshaped liver cancer care and discuss the resulting breakthroughs in management and emerging directions that may further improve therapeutic strategies.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularCholangiocarcinomaLiver NeoplasmsAnimalsBile Duct NeoplasmsHumansImmunotherapyMutationSignal Transduction

Identifiers

PMID41997132
PMCPMC13191572

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.