Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41997583›Full record

ReviewCancer discovery2026

Transposable Element Activation: A Hallmark of Cancer.

Katherine B Chiappinelli, Kathleen H Burns

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer discovery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. The Dynamic Alliance of p53 and Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment Shapes Tumor Evolution.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Katherine B ChiappinelliDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.ORCID 0000-0001-9241-9105
Kathleen H BurnsDepartment of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0003-1620-3761

Funding

Regulation of repetitive elements in cancer by P53 and epigenetic mechanismsR37CA251270 · NCI · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Katherine B Chiappinelli · 2021 to 2026
$2.2M
Immunological consequences of LINE-1 expression in cancerR01CA289390 · NCI · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KATHLEEN H BURNS, Katherine B Chiappinelli · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01CA289390National Institutes of Health (NIH) R37CA251270NCI NIH HHS R01 CA289390NCI NIH HHS R37 CA251270
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transposable elements (TE), mobile DNA sequences that can move independently about the genome, make up about half of the human genome and are mostly silenced by epigenetic modifications in healthy differentiated cells. Global epigenetic dysregulation during oncogenic transformation causes TE expression, contributing to transcriptional rewiring and TE activity as insertional mutagens. TE nucleic acids are sensed in the cytoplasm, initiating inflammation that can be therapeutically manipulated to activate antitumor immune responses. In this study, we detail how TEs contribute to six of the classic hallmarks of cancer and propose widespread TE expression and activation as a new hallmark of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: TEs are expressed at significantly higher levels in cancer cells compared with normal cells as a consequence of epigenetic dysregulation. These elements contribute to transcriptional rewiring, genomic instability, and innate and adaptive immune responses to cancer. Altered TE expression in cancers is a therapeutic vulnerability that scientists are beginning to harness for novel diagnostics and anticancer therapies. See related commentary by Sun and Greenbaum, p. 1489.

Indexed as

DNA Transposable ElementsNeoplasmsAnimalsEpigenesis, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenomic InstabilityHumansDNA Transposable Elements

Identifiers

PMID41997583
PMCPMC13159020

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.