Evidence mapPaperPMID 41998111Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Fractional-order differential model for knee implant recovery in smart health infrastructures.

Titus Ifeanyi Chinebu, Kennedy Chinedu Okafor, Cajetan Uwatoronye Nwadinigwe, Juliet Onyinye Nwigwe, Diovu Remigius Chidiebere, Okafor Ijeoma Peace, Omowunmi Mary Longe, Kelvin Anoh

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Titus Ifeanyi ChinebuFederal University of Allied-Health Sciences, Enugu, Nigeria.
Kennedy Chinedu OkaforFederal University of Allied-Health Sciences, Enugu, Nigeria. kennedy.okafor@mmu.ac.uk.
Cajetan Uwatoronye NwadinigweFederal University of Allied-Health Sciences, Enugu, Nigeria.
Juliet Onyinye NwigweFederal University of Allied-Health Sciences, Enugu, Nigeria.
Diovu Remigius ChidiebereFederal University of Allied-Health Sciences, Enugu, Nigeria.
Okafor Ijeoma PeaceDepartment of Public Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK.
Omowunmi Mary LongeDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
Kelvin AnohCenter for Future Technologies, University of Chichester, Bognor Regis, PO21 1HR, UK.

Funding

IEEE Foundation ID 22-HAC-119
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recovery from knee replacement surgery in conventional orthopaedic healthcare systems can be delayed due to high costs, pain, limited monitoring, and insufficient follow-up, which may hinder early detection of poor healing and inflammation. This study presents a smart orthopaedic healthcare model for knee replacement recovery, where integrated sensors support continuous monitoring and improve the rehabilitation process, thereby reducing delays associated with traditional care systems. A mathematical modelling approach based on compartmental modelling and fractional-order dynamics is used to represent delayed healing responses following total knee replacement surgery. The analysis shows that prolonged delays in monitoring and treatment can lead to unstable recovery patterns, resulting in fluctuations in knee function and inflammation levels. To improve recovery outcomes, the study demonstrates that intelligent sensing devices providing real-time feedback effectively reduce inflammation and enhance joint performance. Results show that when delays are minimised, near-complete restoration of knee function is achieved (≥ 98%), accompanied by optimal inflammation suppression and functional recovery. However, in the presence of delays, recovery remains substantially improved, particularly in terms of inflammation control (≈ 92%), although overall functional gains and recovery efficiency are comparatively reduced. Overall, this work highlights the importance of early inflammation management and feedback-assisted rehabilitation in maintaining knee stability and accelerating recovery. The proposed model provides a theoretical foundation for developing advanced rehabilitation strategies and intelligent device-assisted therapies in smart orthopaedic healthcare systems.

Indexed as

Arthroplasty, Replacement, KneeKnee JointKnee ProsthesisModels, TheoreticalRecovery of FunctionHumansIntelligent SystemsArtificial Intelligence AgentsComputational ModelFractional-order delay modelInflammation dynamicsIoT-enabled rehabilitationPatient-centred monitoringPost-surgical recovery

Identifiers

PMID41998111
PMCPMC13249972

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.