Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41998465›Full record

Observational studyHigh blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension2026

Validation of Risk Perception Cut-Offs in Italian Brief PRHDS (PRHDS-BI): Implications for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention.

Rosa Debora, Adorni Roberta, Trenta Alessia, D'Andrea Miriana, Alberti Mariangela, Gianfranceschi Enrico, Di Matteo Roberta, Steca Patrizia, Maconi Antonio, Manara Duilio Fiorenzo and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational StudyValidation Study
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In one paragraph

Observational study in High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06190743 (Perception of Cardiovascular Risk), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06190743 unknown statusnot on this map

Perception of Cardiovascular Risk: Description of the Phenomenon in Primary Prevention

TypeobservationalSponsorAzienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo di AlessandriaRan2023 to 2024Enrolled271ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Heart DiseasesArmsPrevention events organized by participating centers
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Rosa DeboraCenter for Nursing Research and Innovation, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.
Adorni RobertaDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Trenta AlessiaHealth Professions Management Unit, Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy. alessia.trenta@cardiologicomonzino.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-9531
D'Andrea MirianaHealth Professions Management Unit, Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
Alberti MariangelaHealth Professions Management Unit, Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
Gianfranceschi EnricoDepartment of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy.
Di Matteo RobertaDepartment of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
Steca PatriziaDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Maconi AntonioDepartment of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
Manara Duilio FiorenzoCenter for Nursing Research and Innovation, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.
Faini AndreaDepartment of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy.
Simonelli NiccolòDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Italian Society of Cardiology and in collaboration with the Cardiovascular Risk Perception Team and the Working Group of Nursing and Technical Care in Cardiology

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionEffective cardiovascular (CV) prevention requires accurate risk estimation and patient engagement, which depends on perceived risk. The Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale (PRHDS) is a validated tool, yet clinical thresholds for its brief Italian version are lacking.

aimTo provide further validation of the Brief Italian version of the PRHDS (PRHDS-BI) in a new cohort, examining convergent and divergent validity, and to establish clinical thresholds and a discrepancy index comparing perceived risk with objective estimates.

methods285 adults (40-69 years) were involved in this multicentre cross-sectional study (NCT06190743). Participants were without a history of CV disease and completed the PRHDS-BI and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). CV real risk was estimated using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), correlation analyses, and cut-off definitions were used to validate the scale and analyze risk discrepancies.

resultsThe PRHDS-BI showed good internal consistency and strong convergent validity. Clinical thresholds were defined by percentiles: scores 6-12 (low/moderate), 13-17 (high), and 18-24 (very high). A significant mismatch emerged: 63.5% of participants at low/moderate actual risk overestimated their risk, while 80% at very high actual risk underestimated it. This perception-reality gap was statistically confirmed.

conclusionsThe PRHDS-BI is a valid tool for assessing CV risk perception. Establishing thresholds allows for tailored risk communication and patient-centered interventions, particularly by nursing professionals in primary prevention settings.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePerceptionPrimary PreventionAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsReproducibility of ResultsRisk AssessmentCardiovascular riskNursingPatient engagementPreventive cardiologyPRHDS-BIRisk perception

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.