Evidence mapPaperPMID 41998543Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2026

Associations between cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes.

Zhihan Wang, Xuemin Peng, Zengzhe Zhu, Ziyin Zhang, Yaming Guo, Peng Yu, Limeng Pan, Xuefeng Yu, Min Yang, Yong Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zhihan WangDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Xuemin PengDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Zengzhe ZhuDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Ziyin ZhangDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Yaming GuoDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Peng YuDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Limeng PanDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Xuefeng YuDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Min YangDepartment of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yangmin87420@163.com.
Yong ChenDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. tj.y.chen@vip.163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82270910
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHyperuricemia (HUA) is closely linked to glycolipid metabolism disorder. The Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Glucose (CHG) index, an innovative composite glucolipid index, has been suggested as a potential diagnostic indicator for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the associations between CHG and HUA in T2DM patients remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between CHG and the risk of HUA in individuals with diabetes.

methodsA total of 1908 inpatients with T2DM between 2023 and 2024 were cross-sectionally assessed. The correlation between CHG and the risk of HUA was evaluated with multiple logistic and linear regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) method, and subgroup analysis.

resultsThe prevalence of HUA was 23.43% among diabetic patients in our study. In adjusted logistic regression models, CHG and HUA showed an independent positive connection (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.39, 2.26; P < 0.001). Specifically, the odds of HUA prevalence were 1.03 times greater for patients in the highest quartile of CHG compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.39, 2.97; P for trend < 0.001). This relationship was consistent in adjusted linear regression models. RCS analysis further exhibited a linear correlation between CHG and HUA. Subgroup analyses showed a more significant positive correlation among patients with age < 60 years old, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² or 60 ≤ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min/1.73 m² (P < 0.05 for interaction). Significant interactions were also observed between CHG and HUA in the hypertension and hyperlipidemia subgroups.

conclusionsThere is a clear linear correlation between CHG index and HUA in T2DM patients. The CHG index may be a novel glucolipid index for the potential risk assessment of HUA, although further prospective studies are needed for verification. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

BiomarkersBlood GlucoseCholesterolDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic IndexHyperuricemiaLipoproteins, HDLAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencePrognosisBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCholesterolLipoproteins, HDLCholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose indexHyperuricemiaType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41998543
PMCPMC13224604

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.