Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41998544›Full record

Observational studyBMC geriatrics2026

Association of changes in medication with the effectiveness of rehabilitation in older patients: a hospital-based observational study.

Kentaro Sakata, Kentaro Oniki, Keiji Takata, Yui Kamada, Miu Taguchi, Yasuhiro Morikami, Takuro Shigaki, Akari Maruyama, Keiichi Shigetome, Junya Nakamura and 2 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kentaro SakataDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Kentaro OnikiDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan. oniken@kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
Keiji TakataDepartment of Pharmacy, Sakurajuji Hospital, 1-1-1 Miyuki-Kibe, Minami-Ku, Kumamoto, 861-4173, Japan.
Yui KamadaDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Miu TaguchiDepartment of Pharmacy, Amakusajikei Hospital, 278-10 Kamitsufue, Reihoku-machi, Amakusa-gun, Kumamoto, 863-2507, Japan.
Yasuhiro MorikamiDepartment of Cardiology, Sakurajuji Hospital, 1-1-1 Miyuki-Kibe, Minami-Ku, Kumamoto, 861-4173, Japan.
Takuro ShigakiDepartment of Pharmacy, Sakurajuji Hospital, 1-1-1 Miyuki-Kibe, Minami-Ku, Kumamoto, 861-4173, Japan.
Akari MaruyamaDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Keiichi ShigetomeDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Junya NakamuraDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Ayami Kajiwara-MoritaDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Junji SaruwatariDivision of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan. junsaru@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 25K10107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConcerns persist regarding the negative impact of medications on rehabilitation outcomes; however, evidence on the effects of medication changes during rehabilitation remains limited and heterogeneous. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of medication changes on motor and cognitive function in older patients hospitalized for rehabilitation.

methodsThis retrospective observational study included 229 Japanese patients aged 65 years or older who were hospitalized for rehabilitation over a median [interquartile range] duration of 76 [58–111] days. The effects of changes in the number of medications, anticholinergic cognitive burden scale (ACB) score, and number of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZDs) on motor and cognitive functional independence measure (FIM) scores during hospitalization were examined.

resultsDecreases in the number of medications, ACB score, and number of BZDs were associated with increases in motor FIM score, and decreases in the number of medications and ACB score were associated with increases in cognitive FIM score. Additionally, pronounced beneficial effects of decreases in the number of medications and ACB scores on cognitive FIM score were observed in patients without musculoskeletal disease.

conclusionsReducing the number of medications, particularly anticholinergics and BZDs, may positively impact rehabilitation in older adults.

Indexed as

HospitalizationPolypharmacyActivities of Daily LivingAgedAged, 80 and overCholinergic AntagonistsCognitionFemaleHumansJapanMaleRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeCholinergic AntagonistsActivities of daily livingAnticholinergicsBenzodiazepine receptor agonistPolypharmacyRehabilitation pharmacotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41998544
PMCPMC13220355

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.