Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41998573›Full record

SynthesisBMC neurology2026

Efficacy and safety of Tirofiban following intravenous thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Sher Bano, Faisal Wali Ahmed, Atif Saeed, Ammar Nawazish, Muhammad Haris, Ayesha Mansoor, Ayesha Ghazal Jamali, Riaz Ahmed, Shaumile Hasan Khan, Numan Akram and 3 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sher BanoDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Faisal Wali AhmedDepartment of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Atif SaeedDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ammar NawazishDepartment of Internal Medicine, Avicenna Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad HarisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan.
Ayesha MansoorDepartment of Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ayesha Ghazal JamaliDepartment of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Riaz AhmedDepartment of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Shaumile Hasan KhanDepartment of Medicine, FMH Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Numan AkramDepartment of Internal Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Zainab SalahuddinDepartment of Clinical Psychology, SZABIST University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad UmarDepartment of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur, Pakistan.
Iman Osman AbufatimaDepartment of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, PO Box: 12810, Khartoum, Sudan. Imanadam123@icloud.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe risk of re-occlusion and inadequate reperfusion limits the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within 4.5 h for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Tirofiban, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, has been studied as an adjunctive treatment for patients with acute coronary syndrome. This meta-analysis evaluates existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of Tirofiban following thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

methodsPubMed, ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs published between 2011 and 2025. All studies included acute ischemic stroke patients, aged ≥ 18 years, NIHSS > 4, who received IV thrombolysis before Tirofiban administration. Endpoints included modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), risk of systemic bleeding, and mortality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the ROB2 tool, and risk ratios were calculated and analyzed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251106033).

resultsFive trials met the inclusion criteria. Two trials had a low risk of bias, one had some concerns, and two had a high risk of bias. Results showed a significant improvement in mRS score with IVT plus Tirofiban (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07–1.62; p = 0.010), while also showing an increase in SICH with IVT plus Tirofiban; however, the results were not significant (RR 1.86; 95% CI 0.18–19.24; p = 0.60). No difference was observed in mortality between the two groups (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.56–2.04; p = 0.85).

conclusionIVT plus Tirofiban significantly improves functional outcomes without increasing mortality despite the risk of SICH.

Indexed as

Fibrinolytic AgentsIschemic StrokePlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsThrombolytic TherapyTirofibanHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeFibrinolytic AgentsPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsTirofibanGlycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitorStrokeThrombolysisTirofiban

Identifiers

PMID41998573
PMCPMC13220574

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.