ArticlePhysiological reports2026
Pulse waveform analysis in Zambian adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study of vascular dysfunction.
Article in Physiological reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience a greater risk of cardiovascular disease due to HIV-related vascular injury. Pulse waveform analysis can characterize arterial vascular dysfunction and this study compared arterial waveforms in PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HIV-negative controls. In this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from the University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka (September 2018-June 2019). 55 PLWH on ART ≥2 years and 56 HIV-negative controls were recruited. Anthropometry, body composition, haemodynamics, and pressure waveforms were recorded using the Complior Analyze unit with their corresponding pulse wave velocities. Waveforms were classified by augmentation-index/pulse-pressure ratio as Types A (≥0.12), B (0-0.12), or C (<0). Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests were used for analysis. Analysis of 111 waveforms showed Type-A predominance in PLWH (80% A, 3.6% B, 16.6% C) and HIV-negative controls (57% A, 8.9% B, 33.9% C). Fisher's Exact Test indicated an association between waveform type and HIV status (p = 0.037). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that PLWH were more likely to exhibit Type-A waveform than Type-B or C (Wald χ
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