Evidence mapPaperPMID 41999346Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical investigation2026

The high-density lipoprotein lipidome in metabolic syndrome: A systematic review.

Elena Grao-Cruces, Gabriel García-Jiménez, Maria E Martin, Gabriele Mocciaro, Elena Osto, Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz, Lourdes M Varela

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Elena Grao-CrucesDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-4400
Gabriel García-JiménezInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6255-7190
Maria E MartinDepartment of Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-1726
Gabriele MocciaroRoger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-0909
Elena OstoDivision of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-5696
Sergio Montserrat-de la PazDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5400-3192
Lourdes M VarelaFood Proteins and Immunonutrition (PROT-IN), Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-6042

Funding

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 2025ICT040Junta de Andalucía PREDOC_00749
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Although HDL-C is an established cardiovascular biomarker, in MetS this marker captures only a fraction of the profound alterations occurring within HDL particles. The cardiometabolic role of HDLs in MetS remains insufficiently understood because the functional properties and molecular components of HDLs, rather than HDL-C alone, are likely key determinants of cardiovascular risk. Since the early 2000s, research has revealed that HDL particles comprise over 280 proteins and more than 300 lipid species, underscoring their biological complexity. Moreover, HDL composition and function are extensively remodelled in MetS, highlighting the importance of characterising the differences in HDL composition between health and disease. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine differences in the HDL lipidome between MetS patients and healthy controls.

methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed, and four records met the eligibility criteria.

resultsOverall, the HDL lipidome was markedly different in MetS compared with healthy individuals. MetS was consistently associated with higher levels of triacylglycerides (TAGs) and phosphatidylinositol, alongside lower levels of several key lipid families, indicating a broad remodelling of HDL composition.

conclusionsThese findings indicate that the HDL lipidome is substantially altered in MetS, with potential consequences for HDL functionality. Although the mechanistic implications remain to be fully elucidated, TAG enrichment may contribute to lower HDL levels and changes in HDL surface lipids may impair essential functions such as cholesterol efflux. Further studies are needed to validate these patterns and determine their impact on HDL function and cardiometabolic risk.

Indexed as

Lipoproteins, HDLMetabolic SyndromeCholesterol, HDLHumansLipidomicsTriglyceridesCholesterol, HDLLipoproteins, HDLTriglyceridescardiometaboliccompositionhigh‐density lipoproteinlipidmetabolic syndromeobesity

Identifiers

PMID41999346
PMCPMC13091569

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.