Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41999682›Full record

Trial reportThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2026

Effects of one avocado a day for six months on cognitive performance in overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Grace J Lee, Holly E R Morrell, Michelle Adams, Joan Sabaté, David M Reboussin, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Kristina S Petersen, Alice H Lichtenstein, Nirupa R Matthan, Zhaoping Li and 1 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Grace J LeeDepartment of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, United States. Electronic address: gracelee@llu.edu.
Holly E R MorrellDepartment of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, United States.
Michelle AdamsCenter for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
Joan SabatéCenter for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
David M ReboussinDepartment of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
Penny M Kris-EthertonDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Kristina S PetersenDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Alice H LichtensteinJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
Nirupa R MatthanJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
Zhaoping LiCenter for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Sujatha RajaramCenter for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWith the rising incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and aging of the global population, it is important to investigate foods that may preserve cognitive function with advancing years. Avocados are rich in fiber, carotenoids, antioxidants, polyphenols and monounsaturated fat, all of which have been associated with improved cognition.

objectiveTo determine if consuming one avocado per day for 6 months has cognitive benefits in adults with central obesity, addressing cognitive health early in the aging trajectory.

methodsThis was an ancillary study of the multicenter Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT), which investigated the effect of avocado consumption on visceral adiposity. The effect of avocado consumption on cognition was assessed in participants at the Loma Linda University center. Participants with elevated waist circumference (n = 251) were randomly assigned to consume 1 avocado per day (AVO), or to avoid consuming avocados (CON) for 6 months without additional dietary guidance. Cognitive function (memory, processing speed, executive function, simple reaction time, and working memory reaction time) was measured at baseline and end of the intervention period. A series of mixed analyses of covariance was conducted to assess changes in the five cognitive scores over the 6-month intervention, group differences (AVO vs. CON), and modification of intervention effects by age.

resultsA total of 241 participants (69.7% female, 53.1% white, mean BMI = 33.4 ± 5.7) between the ages of 25-84 years (mean age = 49.6 ± 13.3 years) completed the trial. Working memory reaction time improved for all participants at the end of the 6-month intervention, but no significant group by time interactions were found between the AVO and CON groups in any of the cognitive domains. There were no significant two-way interactions with age by time or intervention group, and the three-way interaction was also non-significant.

conclusionsThe consumption of one avocado per day without any additional lifestyle modifications for six months did not significantly alter cognitive function in adults with central obesity across all age groups. Additional work is needed to determine whether avocados, as part of dietary strategies initiated in midlife, contribute to healthy cognitive aging, particularly in normal weight and metabolically vulnerable populations.

Indexed as

CognitionObesity, AbdominalOverweightPerseaAdultAgedCognitive EnhancementFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedWaist CircumferenceAvocadoCognitionCognitive functionGlobal cognitionObesityOverweight

Identifiers

PMID41999682
PMCPMC13098412

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.