Trial reportBMC psychiatry2026
Ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in adolescents with depression.
Trial report in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03363919 (Glutamatergic and GABAergic Biomarkers in rTMS for Adolescent Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glutamatergic and GABAergic Biomarkers in rTMS for Adolescent Depression
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Sleep-dependent alterations in anterior cingulate cortex excitation-inhibition balance link alterations in BOLD-CSF coupling to cognitive performance in obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAltered glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling is increasingly implicated in the neurobiology of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions may restore balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. To explore these mechanisms, we quantified cortical GABA, glutamate, and glutamine concentrations with ultra-high field (7 T) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in adolescents with MDD treated with TMS for six weeks.
methods7 T-MRS data were collected from the occipital lobe of adolescents with MDD (n = 26) prior to a TMS intervention and healthy controls (n = 20). Metabolite concentrations were compared between groups using ANCOVA, with age and sex as covariates. Participants with MDD were randomized to 1 or 10 Hz repetitive TMS (30 sessions) and a subsample (n = 17) underwent a second 7 T-MRS scan after the intervention. Changes in metabolite concentrations over six weeks were examined using linear mixed models with fixed effects for treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction, while controlling for age, sex, and number of prior failed medications.
resultsAt baseline, ANCOVA showed no significant differences between MDD and healthy controls in occipital GABA, glutamate, or glutamine concentrations. In the MDD group, the mixed model revealed no significant effects of TMS frequency, time, or treatment × time interaction for any metabolite.
conclusionThe findings revealed no baseline differences between adolescents with MDD and controls and no TMS-related changes in occipital metabolites. Future studies of GABA and glutamate neurophysiology in adolescents should focus on broader regional coverage and integration with complementary methods.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03363919 registered on 30 November 2017 https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/ NCT03363919.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.