ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Pollen-inspired multifunctional nanocarrier for porcine circovirus 2 vaccine delivery.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Traditional vaccines targeting porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have several limitations, such as low antigen delivery efficiency and inadequate immunogenicity. To address these challenges, this study developed a bionic nanocarrier (Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃) that synergistically integrates antigen enrichment and immune stimulation functions. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of sunflower pollen, the design constructs composite particles featuring a superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ core and a mesoporous MnSiO₃ shell, allowing efficient loading and delivery of the PCV2 Cap protein. Owing to its sophisticated biomimetic architecture, the Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ particles exhibit a uniform size, porous structure, and excellent biocompatibility. The Fe₃O₄ core facilitates rapid antigen separation and enrichment, while the porous MnSiO₃ shell provides high antigen loading capacity. This composite structure is efficiently internalized by antigen-presenting cells, enabling controlled antigen release within the intracellular microenvironment. Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and release performance in vivo, effectively activating immune responses and enhancing immune stimulation through Mn²⁺ release. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm the superior antigen delivery efficiency and immune activation capacity of this nanocarrier system. Collectively, these properties indicate that the engineered Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ multifunctional nanocarrier system functions as an effective vehicle for antigen enrichment and delivery, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for control of PCV2 and related diseases.
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