Evidence mapPaperPMID 42003853Full record

ArticleCardiovascular therapeutics2026

Association Between Albumin-Corrected Anion Gap and Mortality in ICU Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A MIMIC-IV Cohort Study.

Huijuan Pu, Guoping Zhao, Yumin Wang, Ni An, Yan Liu, Chenyang Li, Xiuli Zhang, Jie Liu, Wanling Wu, Hong Zhu and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Huijuan PuDepartment of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9197-4482
Guoping ZhaoDepartment of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2141-1172
Yumin WangDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6937-4481
Ni AnDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8570-238X
Yan LiuDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-5763
Chenyang LiDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5791-7906
Xiuli ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4294-5808
Jie LiuDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1398-5411
Wanling WuDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.
Hong ZhuDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.
Lei LiDepartment of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-6795
Defeng PanDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, xzmc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-2423

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) has been associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. However, its prognostic value in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the association between ACAG levels and all-cause mortality in AHF patients.

methodsThis retrospective study included AHF patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the first time, utilizing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients were stratified into tertiles (T1-T3) based on ACAG levels. The primary endpoints were 30- and 365-day all-cause mortality, whereas the secondary endpoints included 90- and 180-day all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analyses, Cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were employed to assess the association between ACAG and all-cause mortality.

resultsA total of 2754 patients were included, with a mean age of 74 years, and 56.5% of the participants were male. K-M curves demonstrated that elevated ACAG levels correlated with increased mortality at 30, 90, 180, and 365 days (all log-rank p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated that T3 was associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with T1. RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between ACAG and all-cause mortality. Above certain thresholds, each 1-unit increase in ACAG was linked to a 9% increase in the risk of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.11) and an 8% increase in the risk of 365-day mortality (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.09).

conclusionACAG levels were associated with all-cause mortality in patients with AHF. Thus, ACAG may serve as a valuable prognostic marker for this patient population.

Indexed as

Acid-Base EquilibriumHeart FailureIntensive Care UnitsSerum Albumin, HumanAcute DiseaseAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCause of DeathDatabases, FactualFemaleHospital MortalityHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedALB protein, humanBiomarkersSerum Albumin, Humanacute heart failurealbumin-corrected anion gapall-cause mortalityintensive care unit

Identifiers

PMID42003853
PMCPMC13093543

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.