Relation between albuminuria levels and the incidence of cardiovascular events in adult population in Northern Mexico: A 5-year follow-up survival analysis.

Background: Albuminuria has emerged as a key marker for cardiovascular (CV) and renal risk. Despite its clinical relevance, its role as a continuous and stratified predictor of ischemic CV events remains underexplored in Latin American populations, further evidence is needed to assess the prognostic value of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in this context. Methods: A retrospective cohort of Mexican adults with UACR measured in 2019 and 5-year follow-up was conducted. UACR levels were classified per 2024 CKD Prognosis Consortium and KDIGO guidelines. Cox model regressions were used to analyze CV events-including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, unstable angina, and transient ischemic attack -along with overall mortality and associated variables. Results: Among 809 patients [mean (SD) age 55 Conclusions: Higher levels of UACR, starting from A1 category, were independently associated with increased risk of CV events and mortality. These findings support the use of UACR as a continuous and stratified marker for CV and renal risk in high-risk populations, even beyond the context of diabetes.