Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42005408›Full record

ArticleThe archives of bone and joint surgery2026

Managing Distal Tibial Fracture Nonunion Using Custom-Made Three-Dimensional Titanium Cage: A Rare Case Report.

Babak Otoukesh, Ava Parvandi, Mohammad Niroomand, Morad Karimpour, Maryam Rahmanizadeh, Shayan Amiri

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in The archives of bone and joint surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Babak OtoukeshDepartment of Orthopedics Surgery, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ava ParvandiDepartment of Orthopedics Surgery, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad NiroomandDepartment of Orthopedics Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Morad KarimpourSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam RahmanizadehSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Shayan AmiriDepartment of Orthopedics Surgery, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This case report evaluated the effectiveness of a patient-specific, three-dimensional titanium cage in achieving stable fixation and functional recovery for a complex distal tibial nonunion with extensive bone loss. A 45-year-old male, who sustained a severe nonunion due to high-energy trauma, underwent implantation of a custom-designed titanium cage, which was created using high-resolution CT imaging to ensure a precise anatomical fit. The titanium cage, in combination with a retrograde intramedullary nail and composite bone grafts, provided enhanced structural support and facilitated osseointegration. Thirteen months postoperatively, the patient exhibited minimal pain, full weight-bearing capability, and complete functional recovery. Radiographic evaluations confirmed stable fusion and effective osseointegration, restoring both limb alignment and structural integrity. This case highlights the potential of customized 3D-printed titanium cages for reconstructing significant bone defects in weight-bearing regions, offering a promising solution for complex fractures with severe bone loss by providing structural stability, biocompatibility, and improved clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

Bone defect reconstructionCustom titanium cageDistal tibia nonunionOsseointegrationTibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis

Identifiers

PMID42005408
PMCPMC13084176

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.