Effect of Incentive Spirometry Exercise on Perceived Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background and Aims: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can have a decrease in quality of life because of both psychosocial and physical restrictions. Breathing exercises, such as incentive spirometry (IS), can be beneficial for physical outcomes; however, less is known about the effectiveness of IS on stress, which is explored in this study. Methods: This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was conducted for 1 year after getting ethical approval. One hundred participants diagnosed with grade 0-2 COPD according to MMRC grading were recruited and were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group using a convenient purposive sampling technique. Patients completed a perceived stress questionnaire at baseline and after 8 weeks of IS intervention. Statistical analyses were completed with independent and paired sample Results: Ninety-two patients completed the study. Baseline perceived stress scores did not differ significantly across groups, Conclusion: Incentive spirometry provides a reliable non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate perceived stress in patients with COPD. IS can be useful as part of a COPD rehabilitation program, not only for physical outcomes, but also for perceived psychological benefits.