ReviewHealth science reports2026
Microbial Etiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Pneumonia Among Hospitalized Patients in Kazakhstan: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Data.
Review in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lower respiratory tract, commonly caused by infection and associated with substantial morbidity and healthcare utilization. The burden of pneumonia on healthcare is exacerbated by limited data on pathogenic causes and associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we conducted a literature review and synthesized data on the microbial causes and AMR in hospitalized pneumonia patients from Kazakhstan. Methods: We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, eLIBRARY, and CyberLeninka for observational studies of hospitalized pneumonia patients reporting microbiologically confirmed pathogen and antimicrobial resistance data from Kazakhstan. Exclusion criteria were unclear pneumonia definitions or absence of pathogen-specific AMR data. We assessed study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and extracted data on microbial prevalence and resistance rates by pathogen-antibiotic combinations. We synthesized microbial etiology and AMR patterns and performed random-effects meta-analysis of prevalence data. Results: Nine studies represented 1534 isolates from 1474 inpatients (2008-2022). The most prevalent pathogens were Conclusion: Data on the etiologic causes and AMR in pneumonia are sparse in Kazakhstan and methodologically heterogeneous. Hospital-acquired pneumonia pathogens were highly prevalent and associated with high AMR rates. These findings underscore the need for improved pathogen surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship in Kazakhstan to address the high burden of antibiotic-resistant and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.