ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Bidirectional Interactions Between Nanomaterials and Extracellular Vesicles: Molecular Insights and Translational Implications.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale carriers mediating intercellular communication via proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Concurrently, diverse nanomaterials (NMs) with tunable properties have emerged. Bidirectional interactions between NMs and EVs impact disease pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. With translational relevance, NMs' physicochemical features (size, charge, coatings) modulate EV release, cargo enrichment (proteins, miRNAs, lipids), and downstream processes including immune regulation, angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Conversely, EVs internalize NMs, inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, or apoptosis. However, while NMs' regulatory effects on EVs is well-characterized, the mechanisms of EVs-mediated NMs internalization, processing, and redistribution remain poorly understood-an asymmetry defining research priorities. Unresolved controversies persist-microenvironment-dependent immune effects, inconsistent cargo alterations, and the impact of EVs heterogeneity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on mutual NMs-EVs influences, emphasizing NMs-regulated EVs biogenesis/cargo/function and EVs uptake/response to NMs. We introduce the "NMs-EVs regulatory axis"-a bidirectional, dynamic network where NMs and EVs mutually shape function across molecular, cellular, and tissue levels, moving beyond linear carrier views. These interactions enable hybrid platforms for drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostics, positioning the NMs-EVs axis as a frontier in nanomedicine for precision therapeutics.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.