ReviewBioactive materials2026
Next-generation epidermal patches: Bridging 3D and multidimensional printing for biomedical and personal care innovations.
Review in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advances in additive manufacturing, particularly 3D and multidimensional printing, have enabled unprecedented control over the architecture, composition, and bioactivity of epidermal patches. These developments have broadened the scope of epidermal patches across biomedical and personal-care applications, supporting personalized and adaptive solutions for drug delivery, wound management, tissue regeneration, and skin-related interventions. This review summarizes next-generation printed epidermal patches, covering both conventional (non-microneedle) systems and microneedle-integrated platforms. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging material systems, including self-oxygenating hydrogels, nanomaterial-free bioinks derived from proteins and polysaccharides, and functional nanocomposite formulations. We examine key 3D printing strategies for fabricating acellular constructs, cell-laden matrices, and microneedle array patches (MAPs), alongside recent advances in multidimensional printing technologies. Biomedical applications are discussed with a focus on dermal and transdermal drug delivery, particularly insulin delivery for diabetes management as well as wound repair, regenerative therapies, photodynamic treatments, and biosensing. Additionally, the integration of printed epidermal patches with wearable sensors, smart devices, and artificial intelligence (AI) is highlighted as an emerging frontier in intelligent skin-interfaced systems, with implications for both healthcare and advanced personal-care technologies. Finally, key challenges related to clinical translation, regulatory pathways, and commercialization are addressed, providing strategic insights to guide the advancement of hydrogel-based additive manufacturing from laboratory innovation to real-world clinical and aesthetic applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.