Evidence mapPaperPMID 42006047Full record

ReviewToxicology reports2026

Toxicological profile of anti-diabetic drugs and emerging measures to reduce the toxic burden.

George J Dugbartey, Karl K Alornyo, Christabel O Dapaa-Addo, Emmanuel K Kwashie, Yvonne Harley, Bright N Asiedu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Toxicology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

George J DugbarteyDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Karl K AlornyoDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Christabel O Dapaa-AddoDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Emmanuel K KwashieDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Yvonne HarleyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Bright N AsieduDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health concern of the 21st century, with global figures of the diabetic population expected to reach approximately 700 million by 2045. In the face of this rapidly increasing trend in global prevalence of DM, various therapeutic strategies have been explored and developed to mitigate this alarming increase. A variety of pharmacological agents are currently in use, ranging from insulin analogs to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. These therapeutic agents have had varying successes in their hypoglycemic effects. However, some agents have been withdrawn due to life-threatening side effects. Although these agents possess their unique safety and toxicity profiles, their use and efficacy are guided by an individualized approach as determined by specific patient-related factors such as age, genetic susceptibility, and existing comorbidities. This review examines the various major classes of hypoglycemic agents, their associated tissue- and organ-related toxicities as well as emerging measures aimed at reducing their toxicity.

Indexed as

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs)Diabetes mellitus (DM)Insulin sensitizersPeptide analogsSodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)Sulfonylureas (SUs)

Identifiers

PMID42006047
PMCPMC13085053

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.