ArticleLiver cancer2026
Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index Guides Risk Stratification for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with TACE Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Targeted Therapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Liver cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Chronological Age and Comorbidity Burden with Outcomes After Proton Beam Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia modifies the survival benefit of triple therapy versus TACE alone in elderly patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early warning for acute pyelonephritis with sepsis: risk prediction model for patients without renal medullary necrosis lesions.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imposes a substantial global burden. Triple therapy including transarterial chemoembolization, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapy offers survival benefits but increases toxicity risk. We aimed to evaluate the impact of age or its related comorbidities on the efficacy and safety of triple therapy. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 627 HCC patients receiving triple therapy from CLEAP database (2019-2023). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the primary endpoints. Treatment response and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were the secondary endpoints. Cox/logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors of outcomes. Results: Of 627 patients, 177 were classified as elderly (≥65 years) and 450 as younger (<65 years), as defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Elderly patients present with lower tumor burden compared with younger patients. After propensity score matching (1:2), two cohorts were comparable in objective response rate, disease control rate, PFS, OS, and grade ≥3 TRAEs. Age, either continuous or categorical data, was not associated with outcomes. In contrast, stratification by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), there were significant outcome disparities for PFS and OS among low- (0-1), intermediate- (2-3), and high-risk (≥4) groups. The age-adjusted CCI (aCCI) could not only discriminate survival outcomes but also predict the risk of TRAEs among low- (0-3), intermediate- (4-5), and high-risk (≥6) groups. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that high aCCI score (≥6) independently predicted shorter PFS (hazard ratio: 1.36, Conclusion: aCCI was a potent predictor of efficacy and safety in triple therapy for HCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.