Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42006761›Full record

ArticleBMJ public health2026

Association between indoor air pollution and risk of oesophageal cancer: a Chinese population-based case-control study.

Kuangyu Liu, Zi-Yi Jin, Fang Fang, Jin-Yi Zhou, Mia Hashibe, Jianyu Rao, Hua Zhou, Xing Liu, Liming Li, Lina Mu and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kuangyu LiuDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6003-3619
Zi-Yi JinDivision of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-2266
Fang FangDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jin-Yi ZhouDepartment of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
Mia HashibeDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jianyu RaoDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Hua ZhouDepartment of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Xing LiuDepartment of Epidemiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Liming LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
Lina MuDepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Ming WuDepartment of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
Jin-Kou ZhaoDepartment of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
Zuo-Feng ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Oesophageal cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with geographic disparity and a heavy burden in developing countries. While smoking and alcohol are established risk factors, emerging evidence suggests that indoor air pollution (IAP) may also play a role through the inhalation of aerosols along the aerodigestive tract, but its relationship with oesophageal cancer remains poorly understood. Previous studies have focused on how IAP is associated with lung cancer, and evidence on oesophageal cancer is sparse, underpowered and inconclusive. Methods: This population-based case-control study was conducted in the Jiangsu Province, China, from 2003 to 2010. We analysed 2969 cases and 8019 controls using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. In addition to the six individual household air pollution sources, we also studied their combined effect by calculating the unweighted and weighted sum of these IAP sources to improve comparability. Furthermore, we conducted subgroup analyses by sex and smoking status, as well as by sex exclusively among non-smokers. Results: In both the overall sample and subgroups, higher exposure to various individual or combined IAP sources was associated with a dose-response increase in oesophageal cancer risk (weighted risk score (WRS) semi-Bayesian (SB)-adjusted OR (aOR): 2.70; 95% CI 2.36 to 3.07). Solid fuels appeared to have the strongest association (SB-aOR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.56 to 1.98), followed by coal used for cooking, passive smoking and poor ventilation in the kitchen and bedrooms. The vulnerability to different sources varied by sex and smoking status, and females among non-smokers consistently experienced a more profound impact from combined IAP exposure using WRS. Conclusions: Exposure to common IAP is associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer among the Chinese population, with variations in susceptibility observed across sex and depending on smoking status.

Indexed as

Air PollutionEnvironmental ExposureEpidemiologyPrimary PreventionPublic Health

Identifiers

PMID42006761
PMCPMC13084933

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.