ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Elevated carbonic anhydrase-1 in the aqueous humor in diabetic macular edema: associations between inflammatory cytokines and retinal vascular dysfunction.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the expression of carbonic anhydrase-1 (CA-1) in the aqueous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to explore its correlations with other cytokines and macular structure in a real-world setting. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 74 patients were enrolled in the DME group, and 30 patients were included in the control group. Aqueous samples were collected before intravitreal injections or relevant surgical procedures. The concentrations of CA-1, prekallikrein (PK), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured using a cytometric bead array (CBA). Retinal structural biomarkers were examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography. Results: The levels of CA-1 in the aqueous humor were markedly elevated in patients with DME compared to the control group. The DME group showed a significantly higher geometric mean CA-1 level than the control group (geometric mean ratio = 10.65, 95% CI: 3.64-31.14, Conclusion: In DME patients, CA-1 levels were significantly elevated and showed associations with PK, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8. These findings suggest that higher CA-1 levels are associated with increased retinal vascular permeability and inflammation in patients with DME. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html, identifier 268319.
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