ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2026
Risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in Xinjiang, China: a single-center case-control study with a focus on high-altitude exposure.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is uncommon but clinically serious. Evidence regarding specific environmental factors, such as high-altitude exposure, remains limited. This study was done to identify patient-level and environmental factors associated with CVST and to summarize a single-center management model.
methodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective case-control study. Participants included imaging-confirmed, consecutive adult patients with CVST (n = 33, study group) who were treated at a tertiary Hospital between March 2018 and January 2022, and controls (n = 882) without CVST during the same period. Pre-specified exposure factors included living or working at high altitudes (≥4000 meters for 6 consecutive months within the past 12 months), recent surgery (≤3 months), systemic diseases (e.g., autoimmune diseases or nephrotic syndrome), and exogenous hormone exposure (≤3 months). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
resultsIn the adjusted model, high altitude exposure, systemic disease, and recent surgery were all independently associated with a higher risk of CVST. Older age was negatively associated with CVST. By univariate analysis, exogenous hormone exposure showed a positive correlation, but this correlation was no longer significant after adjustment. Imaging studies most commonly showed involvement of the transverse sinus and superior sagittal sinus.
conclusionsIn this single-center cohort, high altitude exposure, systemic disease, and recent surgery were independently associated with CVST, while the negative correlation with age may reflect residual confounding factors. These findings suggest a need for multicenter, altitude-stratified studies and careful consideration of environmental context factors when evaluating suspected CVST.
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