ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2026
Distinct early-life gut microbiota patterns across SGA, AGA, and LGA infants.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut Microbiome Diversity, Functional Potential, and Ecological Relevance of Hottentotta tamulus.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Meconium Microbiome Maturation Patterns Linked to Postnatal Growth Failure in Neonates.Nutrients · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Birthweight-for-gestational-age influences neonatal physiology and health, yet its role in shaping early gut microbiome development remains insufficiently defined. Small-for-gestational-age (SGA), appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA), and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants may exhibit distinct microbial maturation patterns that could influence later metabolic and developmental outcomes. We conducted a prospective cohort study and enrolled 50 late-preterm and term infants and classified them into SGA (n=18), AGA (n=20), and LGA (n=12). Serial fecal samples were collected at four postnatal time windows (0-14 and 15-80 days). 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Oxford Nanopore MinION characterized microbial composition, diversity, and community networks. Bioinformatic analyses included alpha- and beta-diversity metrics, co-occurrence network analysis, and functional pathway inference using PICRUSt2 mapped to the MetaCyc database. Clinical variables, including feeding pattern and antibiotic exposure, were assessed. Gut microbiome development differed according to birthweight categories. Microbial diversity increased with postnatal age, with SGA infants showing distinct community structures over time. Firmicutes predominated across all groups, while specific taxa exhibited group-specific patterns, including enrichment of Streptococcus spp. in LGA infants and Klebsiella spp. in SGA infants. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a stable gut microbiota in LGA infants.
conclusionBirthweight-for-gestational-age status was associated with distinct trajectories of early gut microbial maturation. SGA infants exhibited delayed microbial stabilization and fragmented interaction networks, whereas LGA infants demonstrated relatively early establishment of stable, Streptococcus-enriched communities. These growth-specific microbial patterns may reflect differences in early metabolic programming and highlight the potential importance of tailored microbiome-targeted strategies to optimize neonatal development. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Abnormal fetal growth is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and long-term metabolic risk. • Early-life gut microbiota play an important role in immune and metabolic development. WHAT IS NEW: • This longitudinal study demonstrates growth-specific trajectories of early gut microbial maturation among SGA, AGA, and LGA infants born at ≥35-week gestation. • SGA infants exhibit delayed microbial stabilization and fragmented microbial interaction networks, whereas LGA infants show relatively earlier establishment of stable microbial communities.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.