ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Upstream Drivers of Poor Cardiovascular Health Among Black and White Americans.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Temporal trends and projected mortality of myocardial infarction and heart failure in the United States, 1999-2035: a CDC WONDER analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveSince cardiovascular health (CVH) precedes cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, our study examines associations between state-level structural racism and CVH among Black and White participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. DESIGN AND
participantsA cross-sectional analysis of baseline REGARDS data, a national prospective cohort of 30,239 Black and White adults, 45+ years, enrolled from 2003 to 2007 and followed for 15+ years. MAIN MEASURES: CVH, the primary outcome, was operationalized using Life's Essential 8 (LE8)-physical activity, BMI, blood pressure, diet, cholesterol, smoking, glucose, sleep-with each component scored 0-100 and composite scores categorized as poor (< 50), intermediate (50-79), ideal (≥ 80). State-level structural racism measures (dichotomized at the median), created using the 2000 U.S. Census, Vera Institute, U.S. Census Current Population Survey, included Black:White ratios (B:W) for jail incarceration, residential segregation, economic status, education, employment, and health insurance. Participants with > 7 LE8 components and complete structural racism measures were included. All analyses were race-stratified. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate associations and calculate adjusted proportional odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. KEY
resultsIn total, 24,811 participants were included. Average LE8 scores were significantly lower among Black than White participants (56 vs. 64; p < 0.001). Among Black participants, higher odds of low CVH were observed in states with greater structural racism: high B:W unemployment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.23-1.61), residential segregation (1.39, 1.26-1.53), education (1.37, 1.20-1.56), poverty (1.22, 1.11-1.35), uninsured status (1.12, 1.02-1.22). White adults in high structural racism states also had higher odds of low CVH for unemployment (1.16, 1.04-1.29), segregation (1.22, 1.13-1.30), education (1.12, 1.03-1.21).
conclusionsBlack participants in high structural racism states were at increased risk of poor CVH across measures of structural racism. White residents of these states were also at increased risk of poor CVH for fewer measures. Policy addressing structural factors like segregation and unemployment may help reduce Black-White CVH inequities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42010106What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.