Evidence mapPaperPMID 42010239Full record

ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2026

Cardiovascular ageing: hallmarks, signaling pathways, diseases and therapeutic targets.

Pingjing Zheng, Wendi Yan, Yangnan Ding, Yang Zhang, Zhangwei Chen, Juying Qian, Junbo Ge

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Pingjing Zheng *Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Wendi Yan *Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Yangnan Ding *Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Yang ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China. zhang.yang@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
Zhangwei ChenDepartment of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Juying QianDepartment of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China. qian.juying@zs-hospital.sh.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-3692
Junbo GeDepartment of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China. jbge@zs-hospital.sh.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-7332

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) predominantly affects elderly individuals and is the leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Systemic ageing, especially cardiovascular ageing, contributes to the development of CVD phenotypes and outcomes. Therefore, in this review, we innovatively summarize the five major etiologies and risk factors for cardiovascular ageing, including lifestyle and behavioral factors, metabolic disorders and physiological dysregulation, environmental exposures and physicochemical determinants, genetics and epigenetics, and host biology and sociodemographic determinants. Furthermore, we enumerate the structural and functional changes that occur in the cardiovascular ageing process. The twelve hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing, including genomic instability and epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation; cellular dysfunction; cellular senescence; stem cell exhaustion; metabolic changes; and the renin‒angiotensin‒aldosterone system, β-adrenergic signaling, growth signaling, and mechanosignaling, stratify across three dimensions: molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Given the elucidated role of cardiovascular ageing in diverse pathologies, we propose specific rejuvenation strategies to mitigate residual cardiovascular risk in older adults: targeting senescent cells, adjusting energy sensor pathways, addressing central inflammatory pathways, modulating neurocardiological dynamics, adopting healthy lifestyles, and assessing and preventing the degree of ageing. We also list FDA-approved drugs and clinical trials targeting cardiovascular ageing, thus serving as a cutting-edge reference for developing intervention strategies.

Indexed as

AgingCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular SystemCellular SenescenceSignal TransductionAnimalsHumansOxidative StressRenin-Angiotensin System

Identifiers

PMID42010239
PMCPMC13096361

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.