ArticleScientific reports2026
Plant growth-promoting microorganisms enhance biochemical traits, essential oil composition, and antioxidant defense in basil under salt stress.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
An ideal sustainable agricultural system is one that promotes human health, benefits both producers and consumers, protects the environment, and provides sufficient food for the growing population. Salinity is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that disrupts plant growth by causing nutrient uptake imbalances. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been increasingly used to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including salinity. A factorial greenhouse experiment with three replications in a completely randomized design was conducted to evaluate the effects of AMF and PGPR inoculation (non-inoculation, inoculation with Stenotrophomonas rhizophila OT29-3 (SR), Penibacillus simplex Q52-4 (PS) and Diversispora versiformis (AMF)) on biochemical traits, antioxidant enzyme activities, and essential oil (EO) composition and content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under salinity stress (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM NaCl). The results showed that AMF and PGPR inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased EO content, proline (PC), total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF) and antioxidant enzyme activities. Inoculation with AMF and PGPR reduced electrolyte leakage index (ELI), hydrogen peroxide (H
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