Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42010373›Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Hyperaldosteronism in the Pathophysiology and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.

Evan Zeitler, Klara R Klein, Ildiko Lingvay, Anthony Pick, Liana K Billings

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Evan ZeitlerUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2734-9088
Klara R KleinUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5894-9054
Ildiko LingvayUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7006-7401
Anthony PickNorthwestern Medical Group, Lake Forest, Illinois, USA.
Liana K BillingsEndeavor Health (NorthShore Hospitals)/University of Chicago, Skokie, Illinois, USA.

Funding

CTSA K12 Program at UNCK12TR004416 · NCATS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Michelle Hernandez, Jonathan J Juliano · 2023 to 2026
$6.5M
NCATS NIH HHS K12 TR004416
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is defined by the pathologic interconnections between obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. An important and underrecognized pathophysiologic factor underlying CKM syndrome is obesity-induced aldosterone excess. This excess aldosterone causes structural and functional alterations in the kidneys, heart and vasculature promoting development of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Inhibition of aldosterone signalling is a pillar in the treatment approach to CKM syndrome. Pharmacologic options include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and steroidal (such as spironolactone) or non-steroidal (currently only finerenone) mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Additionally, aldosterone synthase inhibitors are currently in development. Effective anti-obesity medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists inhibit aldosterone production due to their effects on adipocytes and in the kidneys. RAAS inhibition is also used to optimize the long-term management of CKM syndrome. Future research should seek to characterize the benefits of combination therapies for aldosterone excess and determine which subgroups of patients most benefit from aldosterone-targeted therapies.

Indexed as

Cardio-Renal SyndromeCardiovascular DiseasesHyperaldosteronismMetabolic SyndromeAldosteroneAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsHumansMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsObesityRenin-Angiotensin SystemAldosteroneAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsMineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonistsaldosteronecardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic syndromechronic kidney diseaseheart failuremineralocorticoid receptor antagonistobesityrenin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)

Identifiers

PMID42010373
PMCPMC13135858

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.