ArticleBMC geriatrics2026
Dynamic frailty assessment predicts in-hospital and early post-discharge mortality in older patients hospitalized with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrailty is insufficiently captured by conventional mortality risk scores in acute heart failure (AHF), particularly regarding its dynamic changes during hospitalization. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between different frailty assessment tools and in-hospital and 30-day post-discharge mortality in older patients hospitalized for AHF.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study (HOP-AHF cohort) in a second-level hospital between January 2023 and February 2024. Patients aged ≥ 80 years admitted for AHF to Acute Geriatric, Cardiology and Internal Medicine Wards were included. Frailty was assessed at baseline, within the first 48 h of admission, and at discharge using the Frail Index–VIG (FI-VIG), FRAIL scale, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR). The multiple estimation of risk based on the Emergency Department Spanish Score in Patients with Acute Heart Failure (MEESSI-AHF risk score) was recorded. Primary Outcome: in-hospital and within 30-day post-discharge mortality.
results457 patients were included (mean age 88.60 ± 4.40 years; women 64.3%). Baseline frailty prevalence was high across all instruments (FI-VIG 84.7%, TFI 64.1%, ISAR 62.93%, CFS 60.8%, FRAIL 40.9%). In-hospital and 30-days post-discharge mortality were 8.8% and 13.0% respectively. All frailty instruments assessed at baseline and admission were associated with in-hospital mortality in univariate analyses. In multivariable models, admission frailty assessed by CFS (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.21–4.21, p = 0.010) and TFI (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.23–2.28 p < 0.001), together with the MEESSI-AHF score 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.97 p = 0.036), remained independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Frailty assessed at discharge emerged as the strongest predictor of 30-day post-discharge mortality, with FI–VIG (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.35–2.29 p < 0.001), TFI (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.52 p = 0.040), and MEESSI-AHF score (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.41 p = 0.008) remaining independently associated.
conclusionsFrailty is highly prevalent and dynamically worsens during AHF hospitalization in older patients. Admission frailty identifies patients at risk of in-hospital death, whereas frailty at discharge captures residual vulnerability associated with early post-discharge mortality. Incorporating dynamic frailty assessment may improve prognostic stratification in AHF.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.