ReviewJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
mRNA nanotherapeutics for sepsis: immune modulation strategies and translational challenges.
Review in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSepsis remains a major global health burden and is characterized by a dysregulated host immune response that evolves from early hyperinflammation to late-stage immunosuppression. Despite advances in supportive care, effective pharmacological therapies capable of modulating this dynamic immune landscape are still lacking. Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising approach due to their ability to enable transient, controllable expression of immunomodulatory proteins; however, their clinical translation is hindered by intrinsic instability, rapid degradation, and inefficient tissue delivery. MAIN BODY: Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions to overcome these limitations by improving mRNA protection, cellular uptake, and targeted delivery. A variety of nanocarriers, including lipid nanoparticles, polymeric systems, inorganic nanomaterials, and biomimetic vectors, have been developed for mRNA delivery in sepsis. Emerging strategies incorporating macrophage-targeting ligands and stimuli-responsive release mechanisms further enhance delivery precision and therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical studies demonstrate that mRNA-based nanotherapeutics can suppress cytokine storms, restore immune function, and attenuate organ injury in experimental models of sepsis.
conclusionsThis review summarizes recent advances in mRNA-based nanotherapeutics for sepsis, with a focus on delivery strategies, immunomodulatory mechanisms, and translational potential. Key challenges related to delivery efficiency, safety, and regulatory considerations are discussed. Finally, future directions are proposed for the development of individualized, stage-specific mRNA nanotherapies aimed at restoring immune homeostasis in critically ill patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.