Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42010584›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2026

Exploring the heart of care: delving into empathy among Jordanian pharmacists.

Razan I Nassar, Alhareth Ahmad, Samar Thiab, Rania Aldarawish, Mohammad Alostath, Noor Nassar, Ahmad A Assiri

Abstract read
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Article in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Razan I NassarDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-0376
Alhareth AhmadFaculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan. a.alsad@ammanu.edu.jo.
Samar ThiabDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9625-4915
Rania AldarawishFaculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Mohammad AlostathFaculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Noor NassarDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Procurement, King Hussain Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
Ahmad A AssiriSchool of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmpathy plays a vital role in the pharmacist-patient relationship, enhancing patient outcomes and treatment adherence. This study aims to measure the level of empathy among Pharmacists.

methodsThe study used a cross-sectional approach. The first draft of the survey was developed after conducting an extensive literature review, followed by face and content validation. The final survey was organized into three main sections: demographics, assessment of general empathy levels using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and empathy-related items that focused specifically on the pharmacist-patient relationship.

resultsThe average age of the participants was 28.23 years (SD = 7.26), with over 80.0% female. Self-assessment of empathy levels among the pharmacists varied, with 20.7% reporting a full score of 100% on the empathy scale. The average IRI score for the pharmacists was 71.37 (SD = 12.17), and the range of the scores was from 36 to 107. Assessing the four subscales of IRI revealed varying scores for Perspective-Taking, Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress scales. Multiple linear regression analysis highlighted that gender and familiarity with the empathy term significantly affected the fourth subscale score (Personal Distress Scale). In addition, gender significantly affected the IRI’s total scores, with females demonstrating higher scores than males.

conclusionJordanian pharmacists demonstrated relatively high empathy levels, with Empathic Concern showing the highest scores among the IRI subscales. Gender was the only factor significantly associated with empathy, with female pharmacists reporting higher scores than males. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening empathy within pharmacy education and professional development programs to support patient-centered care.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelEmpathyPharmacistsProfessional-Patient RelationsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJordanMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesEmpathyIRIJordanPharmacists

Identifiers

PMID42010584
PMCPMC13227793

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.