Evidence mapPaperPMID 42010595Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Determinants of mobile health application utilization in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study of perceptions, barriers, and engagement.

Iqbal Fahs, Haya El Jabbawi, Hala Mallah, Nour Najm, Mariam Alkhatib, Jana Hayek, Faten Hamed, Seham Kanaan, Mariam Dabbous, Jihan Safwan and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Iqbal FahsSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon. iqbal.fahs@liu.edu.lb.ORCID 0000-0001-7012-4859
Haya El JabbawiSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Hala MallahSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Nour NajmSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mariam AlkhatibSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Jana HayekSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faten HamedSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Seham KanaanSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mariam DabbousSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Jihan SafwanSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Fouad SakrSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mohamad RahalSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) are increasingly used to support health promotion and chronic disease management. However, evidence from Middle Eastern low-resource settings remains limited. This study assessed perceptions, usage patterns, barriers, and determinants of mHealth apps utilization among adults visiting community pharmacies in Lebanon.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and September 2025 across selected community pharmacies in Lebanon’s six main districts. Face-to-face interviews collected sociodemographic data, perceptions, usage patterns, and barriers. Bivariate analyses identified factors associated with mHealth use, and multivariable logistic regression determined independent predictors.

resultsAmong 514 participants (mean age 38.9 ± 8.6 years), 71.6% reported mHealth apps use. Perceptions among all participants were generally positive (mean score 47.3 ± 6.2/60). Users predominantly relied on lifestyle-related apps including step counters (73.8%), fitness (53.0%), and calorie trackers (50.9%). Only 20.9% of users reported sustained medication adherence. Nearly half of users encountered barriers such as poor internet access, low motivation, information overload, and privacy concerns. Higher mHealth apps use was independently associated with higher BMI (ORa = 2.123), urban residence (ORa = 2.273), working in a health-related profession (ORa = 1.420), having chronic conditions (ORa = 2.693), excellent perceived health knowledge (ORa = 1.223), greater medication use (ORa = 1.157), and more positive attitudes (ORa = 1.115). Lower odds of use were found among older adults and individuals residing in the Bekaa and North Lebanon regions.

conclusionmHealth apps are widely used and positively perceived among adults visiting community pharmacies in Lebanon but show modest impact on long-term adherence and remain hindered by usability, connectivity, and privacy barriers. Addressing national and regional digital inequities, strengthening clinical endorsement, and improving app quality are essential for maximizing mHealth value in resource-constrained areas.

Indexed as

Mobile ApplicationsTelemedicineAdultCross-Sectional StudiesDigital HealthFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicLebanonMaleMiddle AgedAppsCommunity pharmacyDigital healthHealth behaviorLebanonMHealthMobile health applicationsSelf-managementTechnology adoption

Identifiers

PMID42010595
PMCPMC13227778

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.