Evidence mapPaperPMID 42010679Full record

ArticleClinical epigenetics2026

DNMT inhibitor ameliorates hyperglycemia and renal inflammation partially via reversing hypermethylation-induced Klotho suppression in diabetic mice.

Qianling Liu, Xiaoyan Li, Wenxing Peng, Jiaqing Tan, Lanping Jiang, Xiaolei Shi, Zilv Luo, Ning Luo, Jinjin Fan, Qinghua Liu and 1 more

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Article in Clinical epigenetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qianling LiuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Xiaoyan LiDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Wenxing PengDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Jiaqing TanDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Lanping JiangDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Xiaolei ShiDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Zilv LuoDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Ning LuoDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Jinjin FanDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Qinghua LiuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Wei ChenDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. chenwei99@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M734030Guangdong Major Project of Basic Research 2023B0303000013National Natural Science Foundation of China 82170737National Natural Science Foundation of China 82400842Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0509300
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn diabetic kidney disease (DKD), DNA hypermethylation-mediated silencing of protective genes constitutes a key mechanism of metabolic memory, driving persistent renal injury. Klotho suppression critically exacerbates renal inflammation and injury. Our preliminary studies documented Klotho promoter hypermethylation in DKD kidneys. However, direct evidence linking its sustained downregulation to this epigenetic aberration and demethylation’s therapeutic benefits remains unestablished. This study investigates whether demethylation treatment-mediated reversal of Klotho promoter hypermethylation restores its expression to alleviate renal inflammation and injury in DKD.

methodsDiabetic db/db mice and age-matched wild-type controls were used. At 8 weeks, db/db mice received intraperitoneal injections of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) three times weekly. After 12 weeks, samples were collected for analysis. HK-2 cells were utilized for in vitro validation.

resultsDemethylation treatment with 5-Aza reduced Klotho promoter hypermethylation and upregulated Klotho expression in db/db mouse kidneys and HK-2 cells. 5-Aza dose-dependently reduced fasting blood glucose by up to 72%, proteinuria, and serum creatinine levels, while improving renal pathology (glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickening, podocyte injury). RNA sequencing demonstrated suppression of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways in kidneys of 5-Aza-treated db/db mice. Furthermore, 5-Aza substantially attenuated renal macrophage infiltration and inflammasome activation in db/db mice, concurrently reducing systemic inflammation and improving insulin resistance.

conclusionsOur study demonstrates that DNA hypermethylation drives Klotho downregulation in DKD. DNMT inhibitor alleviates hyperglycemia, renal inflammation and injury in db/db mice by reversing hypermethylation-mediated Klotho suppression. Targeting aberrant DNA methylation represents a novel therapeutic strategy for DKD.

Indexed as

AzacitidineDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDiabetic NephropathiesDNA MethylationGlucuronidaseHyperglycemiaAnimalsEnzyme InhibitorsHumansInflammationKidneyKlotho ProteinsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPromoter Regions, GeneticAzacitidineEnzyme InhibitorsGlucuronidaseKlotho ProteinsDiabetic kidney diseaseDNA methylationEpigenetic therapyInflammationKlothoMetabolic memory

Identifiers

PMID42010679
PMCPMC13261915

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.